Why marine scientists are studying sounds made by this rare breed of dolphin

By Sarah Ward via SWNS

Marine scientists are studying sounds made by a rare breed of dolphin.

The Atlantic white-sided dolphin prefers the deep ocean to coastal waters and is rarely seen by humans, unlike common and bottlenose dolphins.

The species is so poorly understood in science that there are no accurate estimates on population size, even though the dolphin is hunted in the Faroe Islands.

Scientists at the Scottish Association for Marine Science in Oban, Argyll and Bute, plan to examine recordings of Atlantic white-sided dolphins to describe its vocal behavior.

By documenting the dolphin’s unique sounds, the team will provide a crucial baseline for further studies to learn more about this secretive cetacean.

The project, funded by the Royal Society of Edinburgh, will document sounds such as the dolphins’ echolocation clicks and the duration and pitch of their whistles.

SAMS Fellow and marine mammal expert Susannah Calderan recently compiled a report on the species that concluded there were no reliable population estimates available for the species, leaving them potentially vulnerable.

She said: “For Atlantic white-sided dolphins it can be a case of ‘out of sight, out of mind’.

"It is more straightforward to study bottlenose dolphins because they are a coastal species; we have more of an idea where they are going to be.

"White-sided dolphins are usually on the continental shelf or further out in the ocean.

"When we do find them, they don’t often ‘play’ with the boats and, because of their speed, are very hard to photograph.

“We have recordings of white-sided dolphins – they have an unusual whistle that sounds like a space alien – but no one has documented the acoustic repertoire in detail before.”

Atlantic white-sided dolphins are primarily an offshore species, meaning they don’t fall under the various protections of individual countries – another reason no major research studies have been undertaken.

The SAMS team and colleagues have collated recordings from various sources from the eastern and western North Atlantic.

By examining all these sounds, they can start to build a blueprint, which can be used to train computer systems to detect these sounds automatically in long-term recordings. The system effectively ‘learns’ what a certain species sounds like and is able to filter these sounds from large data sets.

SAMS marine mammal ecologist Dr. Denise Risch said: “It is remarkable that a marine mammal species we know reasonably well – although we don’t often see it – has not really been acoustically described.

“We need to establish a baseline of its acoustic repertoire to then build machine learning systems to be used in monitoring the species in their remote habitats.

“Establishing the size of the population is important but we also need to know where they are and when, given that many marine mammals are changing their distribution to follow prey, which themselves are changing habitats due to climate change.

"It is also important that we know more about marine mammal movements when considering the siting of offshore wind farms and other human activity at sea.”